The gallbladder is a small organ located under the liver. One of its primary functions is storing bile and releasing it into the small intestine, where it aids in the breakdown and digestion of fats. Ultrasonography (US) of the gallbladder is a painless and non-invasive method used to diagnose disorders of this organ. The key difference between this method and radiographic methods is that it does not involve the use of X-ray radiation.
US of the gallbladder is recommended to detect the causes of:
- Abnormalities in bilirubin and liver function test results;
- Constant nausea and loss of appetite;
- Vomiting with the presence of bile;
- Jaundice;
- A bitter taste in the mouth;
- Pain in the right abdomen, which may radiate to the back and shoulder;
Among urgent conditions requiring immediate US is biliary colic, accompanied by severe pain in the right hypochondrium, chills, vomiting, and jaundice. This discomfort is linked to blockage of the bile ducts by stones.
What diseases can be detected using US of the gallbladder?
During ultrasonographic examination, specialists can detect:
- Cancer;
- Sclerosing cholangitis – changes in the bile ducts;
- Gallstones – hardened deposits in the bile;
- Empyema – accumulation of pus;
- Polyps;
- Porcelain gallbladder – excessive calcium salt saturation of the walls;
- Perforation;
- Cholecystitis – inflammation and infection;
US of the gallbladder is recommended to monitor organ recovery after surgeries and the effectiveness of treatment. Regular preventive US of the gallbladder is advised for individuals at risk of hepatobiliary system disorders, such as alcohol enthusiasts and consumers of fatty and fried foods.
Preparing for US of the gallbladder
For a gallbladder US, comfortable clothing that allows access to the abdomen is recommended. The intestines should be empty during the procedure. A day before the US, consuming light, non-fatty food is recommended. However, it’s advisable to avoid alcohol, carbonated beverages, and foods that cause gas in the intestines. Preparation also involves fasting for 8-12 hours before the procedure.
The process of ultrasonographic examination
The procedure begins with the patient lying on their back. The specialist applies a colorless gel to the abdomen to prevent the formation of air pockets between the transducer and the skin.
Ultrasonography usually takes up to 30 minutes. Through high-frequency sound waves, the ultrasound machine provides real-time images of the organs. The medical professional moves the transducer across the body, capturing and storing images. Patients may be asked to turn on their side, take deep breaths, or tense their abdomen for better imaging.
The results of the US are interpreted by a specialist, who prescribes treatment based on the identified pathologies. If there are uncertainties in the US results, the patient may be referred for further examinations.
